"全球經濟融合新「趨勢」"
根據消息來源指出:「自從1990年以來,外國直接投資和貿易已經快速提升到比全球產出還快,外商直接投資提高的速度甚至勝過貿易速度。」事實上,外商直接投資股票(作為全球產出的一部份)已經從1990年的9%上升到2012年的33%了。
有些人認為是「大同化」的過度全球化導致了這樣的經濟情況:新興國家終於能夠獲得跟高收入國家多年來擁有的同樣生活水平。雖然貿易保護主義在某些層面限制了這個情形,「自由貿易常見於世界貿易組織和一些貿易協定中」,讓貿易協定和外商直接投資能夠持續下去。
但全球經濟有些缺點。沒有全球協定的話,企業能夠去責罰較輕的國家尋求庇護(以稅金、環境衝擊、最低薪資限定等等的方面來說),而要對不良行為採取保護行動時,企業一遷址就沒轍了。新「大區域」協定,像是美國最近提議的跨太平洋和大西洋的合作案,就可能達成融合,但有讓貿易系統破碎的風險,因為他們常將正在竄起的貿易夥伴排除在外(這次的例子是:中國)。
(International) New Trend of Integrated Global Economy
According to sources, Foreign direct investment and trade have risen far more rapidly than global output since 1990, with FDI (foreign direct investment) rising faster even than trade. In fact, FDI stock (as a percent of world output) has risen from 9 percent in 1990 to 33 percent in 2012.
In what some consider to be the great convergence hyperglobalism has led to an economic situation in which emerging countries are finally able to obtain the same standards high-income nations have had for years. Although protectionism limits this in some respects, liberal trade is institutionalized in the WTO and a number of trade pacts, allowing trade agreements and FDI to continue.
There are, however, some downsides to a global economy. Without global agreements, companies can seek refuge (in terms of tax dollars, environmental impacts, minimum wage-restrictions, etc.) in countries that are more lenient, and any steps for protection against harmful practices can be thwarted by relocation. New mega-regional pacts, such as the transpacific and transatlantic partnerships the US is currently proposing, may achieve integration, but run the risk of fragmenting the trading system as they often exclude rising trade partners (in this case, China).
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