美國財政部長史考特·貝森特(Scott Bessent)引導美國財政與對外經貿戰略的「五大核心支柱」

銳傳媒/陳榮祥
17 分鐘前

美國財政部長史考特·貝森特(Scott Bessent)引導美國財政與對外經貿戰略的「五大核心支柱」

 

美國財政部長史考特·貝森特(Scott Bessent)

提出引導美國財政與對外經貿戰略的「五大核心支柱」(Five Core Economic Pillars),並在 G20 財長會議等國際場合以此框架推動美國的全球經濟政策:

  1. 提升國家產能與本土製造 (Building National Capacity to Manufacture Domestically)
  • 英文說明:
    • Focuses on rebuilding the U.S. industrial base in strategic and critical sectors, including semiconductors, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, advanced manufacturing, critical minerals, and pharmaceuticals.
    • Strengthens supply chain resilience to reduce vulnerability to external shocks and prevent foreign competitors from weaponizing economic dependencies.
  • 繁體中文說明:
    • 重建戰略產業製造基石: 重點振興半導體、人工智慧(AI)、量子運算、高階製造、關鍵礦產與先進製藥等核心領域,提升美國本土自給自足能力。
    • 強化供應鏈韌性: 全面盤點關鍵供應鏈,防範他國利用美國對外依賴作為地緣政治槓桿,將經濟安全與國家安全緊密連結。
  1. 要求貿易對等與互惠原則 (Demanding Reciprocity in Trade)
  • 英文說明:
    • Insists that international trade must be fair, reciprocal, and consistent with U.S. national interests. Trading partners cannot seek open access to the U.S. market while restricting access to their own.
    • Uses strategic tariffs (e.g., Section 122 and Section 301) to counter non-tariff barriers, discriminatory taxes, forced intellectual property transfers, and massive trade imbalances.
  • 繁體中文說明:
    • 落實對等開放: 堅持各國不得在單方面享受美國開放市場紅利的同時,關閉自身市場;對歧視性稅制、政府補貼與非關稅壁壘採取零容忍態度。
    • 關稅工具作為談判槓桿: 運用關稅與貿易條款迫使貿易夥伴降低壁壘,並要求大幅縮減特定國家(如中國)對全球造成的龐大貿易失衡與產能外溢問題。
  1. 主導全球貿易與新興科技規則 (Writing Global Rules on Trade and AI)
  • 英文說明:
    • Asserts American leadership in establishing global standards for the 21st-century economy, particularly around AI governance, high-tech supply chains, and market-based commerce.
    • Prevents mercantilist and authoritarian regimes from shaping international economic rules in ways that are coercive or detrimental to free markets.
  • 繁體中文說明:
    • 掌握新經濟話語權: 確保由美國及其盟友制定 21 世紀全球商業、人工智慧標準與數據規範,以保護智慧財產權並獎勵創新。
    • 防禦重商主義與威權體制擴張: 阻止非市場導向體系重塑國際經貿秩序,避免全球經濟走向脅迫性與封閉化。
  1. 維持美元主導地位與金融領導力 (Maintaining Dollar Dominance and Financial Leadership)
  • 英文說明:
    • Leverages the strength, depth, and liquidity of U.S. capital markets and the rule of law to maintain the U.S. dollar as the world’s primary reserve and settlement currency.
    • Deploys targeted and enforceable financial sanctions (such as “Operation Economic Outcast”) to combat sanctions evasion, illicit finance, and geopolitical threats with strategic discipline.
  • 繁體中文說明:
    • 鞏固全球儲備貨幣優勢: 依賴美國深厚的資本市場與法治制度,維持美元在借貸成本、資本配置與國際清算中的主導地位。
    • 精準運用金融制裁實力: 嚴格執法打擊洗錢、資恐與規避制裁行為,並對特定違規國(如伊朗)的金融鏈施加次級制裁,將美元體系轉化為具備威懾力的戰略工具。
  1. 確保全民共享繁榮與財富擴展 (Delivering Household Prosperity and Broader Wealth Participation)
  • 英文說明:
    • Connects national economic strength directly to middle-class and working-family prosperity, ensuring American workers participate in value creation rather than acting merely as consumers of imported goods.
    • Expands asset ownership through pro-growth tax policies, financial literacy, deregulation for community banking, and wealth-building initiatives (such as universal investment accounts for children).
  • 繁體中文說明:
    • 從單純消費者轉為財富創造者: 確保勞工家庭實質工資與資產同步成長,使國家實力直接回饋於家庭經濟福祉。
    • 普及全民資本參與: 透過減稅刺激增長、中小型社區銀行放寬監管以活絡基層借貸,並推行新生兒投資帳戶等措施,降低家庭未參與資本市場的比例。