【「烏」雲蔽民主】烏克蘭總統施小惠 抗議者：摻了毒

2013年11月爆發的烏克蘭反政府抗議，

從一場反親俄政策的抗爭轉為捍衛民主之戰；

他們成功迫使國會於28日廢除日前草率通過的反示威法，

不過在其中推波助瀾、讓抗爭轉為暴力的少數右翼組織，

則成為令政府及反對派都傷腦筋的勢力。

在在烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇表示願意提供反抗派領袖包含總理在內的若干政府要職後，警方26日與抗議者在基輔市中心爆發衝突，烏克蘭政府的命運也仍未有定論。

（上圖）反政府抗議者在獨立廣場上紮營，圖攝於2014年1月25日。（圖文／路透）

亞努科維奇其中一位頭號敵人形容這是「摻了毒」的提議，企圖分化反對派並除掉大批抗議者。

示威運動於去年年尾爆發，當時亞努科維奇拒絕與歐盟簽署重要協議，轉而尋求與俄國間更緊密的關係。

而這場為期已2個月的僵局，也已引發1991年蘇聯垮台、烏克蘭獲得獨立後最嚴重的暴力衝突。

檢察署及衛生部表示至少有6人遭殺害，且這場危機也深化了俄國與西方國家之間的緊繃關係。

衝突規模 獨立以來最大

對反對派來說，接受亞努科維奇的提議，也就是在他領導的新政府下掌權，將伴隨著背叛數千名和平示威者的風險，也可能與較基進的抗議者疏遠。反對派對於這些基進抗議者的控制相當薄弱。

26日的暴力衝突中，幾千名抗議者試圖攻占基輔市中心一座華麗的文化中心，數百名維安人員聚集於此，距離數週來抗議者聚集的獨立廣場僅幾百公尺遠。

這場破曉前夕的衝突持續了2個小時，示威者扔擲石塊及煙霧彈，警方則向群眾投擲震撼手榴彈並灑水。

在反對派領袖克里契科到達現場協調出解決方式後，警方及維安人員不久便撤離建築，沿著群眾讓出的一條走道離開這棟窗戶破碎一地的大樓。

26日稍晚，反對派也為被殺害的抗議者舉行祝禱儀式，躺在棺木中的是其中一位去世的抗議者奇涅夫斯基。眾人為他下葬前扛著棺木遊行過基輔街道，數百人跟隨在後。

奇涅夫斯基是住在烏克蘭的白俄羅斯人。他是上週衝突後，經檢察署正式認定因槍傷而死的三位民眾之一。奇涅夫斯基26日年滿26歲生日。

在這個有著4,600萬人口的國家，動亂已擴大到其他地區。

烏克蘭西部多達10個地區的行政總部被抗議者占領；且除了在反對勢力本來就相當強勢的西部，向來相當支持亞努科維奇的烏克蘭東部及南部地區也出現動亂。

堅持提前選舉 反對派不妥協

為了平息這場可能讓烏克蘭陷入停滯的抗議，亞努科維奇25日提供了總理職位給前經濟部長耶森尤克。

另外，他也願意提供副總理職位給前國際拳擊冠軍、反對派領袖克里契科，讓他負責人道議題。

不過反對派領袖表示，他們將持續施壓，要求提前選舉並廢除反示威法。

「我們已準備好承擔責任，並將這個國家帶進歐盟。」耶森尤克在與亞努科維奇協商後，向獨立廣場上的群眾這麼說道。他並補充說，這些訴求也包含釋放現任總統的頭號政敵，即是2011年被監禁的前總理提摩申科。

克里契科表示：「這是摻了毒的提議，亞努科維奇企圖分化抗議運動。我們將繼續協商並要求提前選舉。烏克蘭人反對腐敗總統的抗爭絕對不能徒勞而返。」

多位反對派領袖表示亞努科維奇背叛了烏克蘭，並呼籲提前舉行下場選舉，選舉原本預訂於2015年春天舉行。克里契科說，大選務必在今年舉行。（路透）

▲一位包裹著烏克蘭國旗的女性看著獨立廣場，圖攝於2014年1月26日。（圖文／路透）

相關閱讀

【廢除反示威法 捍衛民主幼苗有成】http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-137389

【右翼組織擁暴力 政府、反對派都頭大】http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-137388

Police clashed with protesters in central Kiev on Sunday and the fate of Ukraine's government was uncertain after President Viktor Yanukovich offered important posts to opposition leaders, including the role of prime minister.

One of the president's main foes（1） described his offer as a "poisoned" attempt to divide the opposition and kill off mass protests.

The demonstrations erupted late last year when Yanukovich ditched landmark agreements with the European Union and opted instead for closer ties with Russia.

The two-month standoff（2） has sparked the worst violence in Ukraine since it won independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union collapsed.

At least six people have been killed, according to the prosecutor's office and medics, and the crisis has deepened tension between Russia and the West.

For the opposition, accepting Yanukovich's offer to serve under him in a revamped（3） government carries the risk of breaking faith with thousands of peaceful demonstrators as well as alienating more radical protesters over whom it has only tenuous（4） control.

In violence on Sunday, a few thousand protesters tried to storm an ornate cultural centre where hundreds of security forces personnel were gathered in central Kiev, a few hundred metres from the hub of weeks of opposition protests on Independence Square.

In a two-hour pre-dawn confrontation, demonstrators threw stones and smoke bombs while police fired stun grenades and sprayed water into the crowd.

Police and security forces later left the building, its windows shattered, and streamed out through a corridor created by the crowd after an opposition leader, Vitaly Klitschko, arrived at the scene and helped to negotiate a solution.

The opposition planned a prayer ceremony later on Sunday for protesters who have been killed. A coffin bearing the body of one of them, Mykhailo Zhyznevsky, was borne through the streets of Kiev before his burial, with several hundred people marching behind.

Zhyznevsky, a Belarussian living in Ukraine, was one of three people officially recognised by the prosecutor's office as having died from gunshot wounds after clashes last week. He would have been 26 on Sunday.

The unrest has spilled over into other regions of the country of 46 million people.

Protesters have occupied municipal headquarters in up to 10 western regions, where opposition is strongest, but there is also unrest in traditionally pro-Yanukovich areas of eastern Ukraine and the south.

Hoping to end protests that threaten to bring the country to a standstill（5）, Yanukovich on Saturday offered former economy minister Arseny Yatsenyuk the post of prime minister.

Klitschko, a former international boxing champion, was offered the job of deputy prime minister responsible for humanitarian issues.

Opposition leaders said they would press their calls for early elections and repeal of an anti-protest law.

"We are ready to take on this responsibility and take the country into the European Union," Yatsenyuk was quoted as telling crowds on Independence Square after emerging from talks with Yanukovich. But he added that this would entail the freeing of Tymoshenko, the president's arch-opponent, who was jailed in 2011.

Klitschko said: "This was a poisoned offer by Yanukovich to divide our protest movement. We will keep on negotiating and continue to demand early elections. The protest by Ukrainians against the corrupt president must not have been in vain."

Opposition leaders say Yanukovich has betrayed Ukraine and are calling for an election long before the next one is due in spring 2015. Klitschko said it must be held this year.（Reuters）

關鍵字詞

1.foe（n.）敵人

2.standoff（n.）僵局

3.revamp（v.）革新

4.tenuous（a.）薄弱的

5.standstill（n.）停滯

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