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小貓槓上老虎:樂團抗議蒲亭被捕 律師憂審判不公

立報/李威撰 2012.08.08 00:00
策劃、編譯■李威撰俄羅斯女子樂團暴動小貓,2月闖入莫斯科一間大教堂,1分鐘快閃高唱反蒲亭歌曲,結果團員在3月初陸續被捕,3人被拘留近5個月,引來國內外社會的強力聲援,即將出爐的審判結果,不僅考驗蒲亭,也考驗異議人士的未來政治生態。法院審理龐克樂團「暴動小貓」在教堂裡的「抗議祈禱者」,3名年輕女子將於本週得知判決的刑期結果。總統蒲亭也將因此要面對打壓異見的新指控。Three young women from the punk band Pussy Riot could face sentence this week in a trial over their "protest prayer" in a church that has opened President Vladimir Putin to new accusations of a crackdown (1)on dissent.頭一週的審訊,讓這個主要信仰俄羅斯東正教的國家產生分裂。部分信仰者要求重判,但許多人要求從輕發落,儘管這些人當中,鮮少有人認同她們未經許可就在莫斯科主要教堂裡表演的行為。The first week of hearings divided the mainly Russian Orthodox (2) country. Some believers want tough sentences but many others are calling for leniency, even though few approve of the unsanctioned performance at the altar of Moscow's main church.最高可判處7年徒刑的流氓罪審理,6日重新於法庭展開。先前第2次審理石油大亨霍多科夫斯基的案件時,也是在同一個法庭舉行。霍多科夫斯基因拂逆蒲亭,選擇涉入政治,最後官司纏身而身陷囹圄。The trial for hooliganism, punishable by up to seven years in jail, resumes on Monday in the same Moscow courtroom where oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky faced the second of two trials after defying Putin by taking an interest in politics.霍多科夫斯基被判13年徒刑,蒲亭的批評者將之視為政治力干預司法的象徵。辯護律師害怕,22歲的托洛科尼可娃、29歲的珊姆慈維奇與24歲的艾廖希娜,無法獲得公平的審訊。His 13-year sentence has for Putin critics become a symbol of political pressure on the court system, and defence lawyers fear Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, 22, Yekaterina Samutsevich, 29, and Maria Alyokhina, 24, are not getting a fair hearing.辯護律師波羅佐夫表示:「這次的審判將確立整體國家的發展動向,我們不是走向『東正教律法』,就是繼續留在『絲絨威權主義』的處境中。」"This trial will define the development of the country as a whole. Either we move toward 'Orthodox sharia law' or remain in a situation of 'velvet authoritarianism'," defence lawyer Nikolai Polozov said.案件自7月30日開始審理,一直持續至8月10日,每天審理至傍晚,律師及行動被限制在法庭牢籠內的被告僅能作短暫休息。The trial started on July 30 and lasted late into the evening each day until Friday, with only brief breaks for the defendants - confined to a courtroom cage - and lawyers.有一天,艾廖希娜因身感不適接受診治,儘管被告抱怨她們3人被剝奪睡覺及飲食的權利,但卻未獲重視。On one day, Alyokhina felt ill and received medical attention, but the defence's complaints that the trio were being deprived of sleep and food were ignored.雖然許多俄羅斯人對事件的關注因暑假而分心,但辯護律師團隊表示,法庭希望盡快終結審理,可望本週就有裁決結果。在俄羅斯,鮮少有人對司法獨立性懷抱信心。The defence team says the court hopes to finish the trial quickly, while many Russians' attention is diverted by summer vacations, and that a verdict is likely this week. Few people in Russia have much faith in the independence of the judiciary.蒲亭打壓遭國際譴責由於這場審判,蒲亭遭致國際社會的譴責。蒲亭自2000年掌權後,屢次號召發動抗議的組織者認為,這只是蒲亭的其中一項打壓行動,其他打壓還包括加強對外國資助的遊說團體的掌控、加強網路的管制規定,以及大幅調高抗議民眾的罰金。Putin faces international condemnation over the trial, and the organisers of the protests since he rose to power in 2000 see it as part of a crackdown that includes a tightening of control over foreign-funded lobby groups, a toughening of rules governing the Internet and a sharp rise in fines for protesters.蒲亭今年5月開始他的6年總統任期,2日他在倫敦針對這3名女子的演出表示「無半點可取之處」。今年2月21日,這3名女子衝進救世主大教堂,希望聖母瑪利亞「把蒲亭趕下台」。Putin, who began a six-year term in May, said in London on Aug. 2 that there was "nothing good" in the trio's performance, in which they burst into Christ the Saviour Cathedral on Feb. 21 and urged the Virgin Mary to "throw Putin out!".但蒲亭也表示,這3名女子的抗議行為「不宜重判」。這3名抗議女子表示,她們不是刻意要冒犯信仰人士,而是為了凸顯教會與國家間的緊密關係。But Putin said the three women "should not be judged too harshly" over the protest, which they said was not intended to offend believers but to highlight the close relationship between the church and state.▲暴動小貓3名被告坐在法庭裡的被告席,由左至右分別是托洛科尼可娃、珊姆慈維奇與艾廖希娜,圖攝於3日。(圖文/路透)蒲亭的發言起初讓樂團的辯護律師感到振奮,後來則是指出,他們只是想安撫國際社會的旁觀者罷了。The band's lawyers initially seemed heartened by his remarks but later suggested they were intended to appease (3) an international audience.波羅佐夫3日於推特寫道:「蒲亭再次欺騙我們。」「法庭持續對被告及我們施壓。」"Putin cheated us yet again," Polozov said on the social networking site Twitter on Friday. "The court continues pressurising the defendants and ourselves."這場綜合戲劇跟鬧劇的審判,讓俄羅斯社會分裂成兩邊,一邊的人將這些年輕女子視為勇者;另一邊的人則將這3人看成是應該要被處罰的褻瀆者。The trial has mixed drama and farce (4), dividing Russian society into those who see the young women as heroes and others who see the three as blasphemers who should be punished.3日在法庭上,在教堂賣蠟燭及聖像的索科洛哥斯卡雅說:「她們對我的靈魂表示輕蔑。」她抱怨,這3名女子以「挑釁」的舞姿向上踢腿時,她都可以看見她們的裙底風光了。"They spat on my soul," Lyubov Sokologorskaya, who sells candles and icons at the cathedral told the court on Monday, complaining that she could see under the women's skirts when they kicked their legs up in "aggressive" dance moves.艾廖希娜、托洛科尼可娃與珊姆慈維奇的面容經常顯得疲憊與僵硬,但有些時後會放聲大笑,譬如法官西洛瓦在誦讀她們歌曲當中的猥褻內容時。Alyokhina, Tolokonnikova and Samutsevich have often looked tired and grim, but at other moments burst into laughter - such as when Judge Marina Syrova read out obscenities (5) from their songs.律師:歌詞非刻意侮辱當辯護律師佛可娃表示,樂團歌曲中的表達內容不是有意要侮辱那些前去作禮拜的人時,幾名警衛轉向牆壁,試圖掩蓋她們的笑聲。Some guards turned to the wall to conceal their laughter when defence lawyer Violetta Volkova said an expression used by the band in a song was not meant as an insult for church goers.佛可娃說:「這個措詞只是英文『Holy shit!』的翻譯,而根據牛津字典,意思是『令人生厭的錯愕』。」她還補充道,俄羅斯電視台所播放的節目也經常出現這個措詞。"This expression is a mere translation of the English 'Holy shit!', which, according to the Cambridge dictionary, means 'unpleasant surprise'," Volkova said, adding that the expression was often used in programmes broadcast on Russian television.佛可娃也質疑檢方援引西元692年在君士坦丁堡舉行教會會議時所訂下的教堂行為守則,佛可娃表示,同一場會議中,也做出了基督徒不准與猶太人共浴的規定。Volkova also questioned the prosecution's references to rules on church behaviour set by a Church Council held in Constantinople in 692, saying that the same council prohibited Christians from taking a bath with Jews.一群俄羅斯記者5日公布一封公開信,抱怨他們在法庭裡被穿著黑色制服的法警推擠跟欺凌,這些法警身上帶了設計用來近身戰鬥的自動武器。A group of Russian journalists published an open letter on Sunday complaining they were pushed and bullied at the court by black-uniformed bailiffs who carry automatic weapons designed for combat in confined spaces.(路透Reuters)關鍵字詞1. crackdown (n.) 鎮壓2. Orthodox (a.) 東正教的3. appease (v.) 緩和4. farce (n.) 鬧劇5. obscenity (n.) 猥褻回顧蒲亭的政治掌控◎蒲亭2000年的總統大選中,拿下53.4%的選票;2004年連任成功,得票率71%;2012年蒲亭回鍋參選總統,得票率63.6%。◎俄國1993年通過新憲法,賦予總統強勢地位,存在總統濫權的疑慮。但葉爾欽任內,因反對黨的有力掣肘而無此問題。蒲亭繼任總統後進行改革,將更多權力集中在克里姆林宮。◎歷經1998年的危機後,蒲亭恢復政府對大部分石油及天然氣的掌控,重新穩定住俄羅斯的經濟。◎他所屬的團結俄羅斯黨(United Russia)是俄國最大政黨,自2003年開始主導國家杜馬(Duma,俄國國會的下議院;上議院為「聯邦議會」)。◎蒲亭2008總統任期屆滿下台,就職總理,繼任者是麥維德夫(Dmitry Medvedev,現任總理),但許多人認為蒲亭在幕後掌控大權。◎蒲亭的權力深入俄羅斯社會,觸手伸及司法及媒體。◎2003年,批評蒲亭的企業家霍多科夫斯基(Mikhail Khodorkovsky,曾是俄國首富)因逃稅入獄,引發社會譁然。許多富有的異議人士紛紛逃往國外。(整理自《半島電視台》)

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